Health Encyclopedia

Salivary gland biopsy

Definition

Salivary gland biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue or cells from a salivary gland for examination.

Alternative Names

Biopsy - salivary gland

How the test is performed

There are several pairs of salivary glands in different locations: a major pair in front of the ears (parotid glands); two major pair on the floor of the mouth; and several minor pairs within the lips, cheeks, and tongue.

One method of salivary gland biopsy is a needle biopsy. The skin over the gland is scrubbed. A local anesthetic may be injected, and a needle is inserted into the gland. A piece or tissue or cells are removed and sent to a laboratory for examination.

A biopsy can also be done to remove all or part of a salivary gland because of a tumor. An examination of the removed tissue can help to determine the type of tumor.

A biopsy of the glands in the lips can also be performed to diagnose diseases such as Sjogren syndrome.

How to prepare for the test

For a needle biopsy, there is no special preparation, although fasting for a few hours may be advised. For surgical excision of a tumor, preparation is like any major surgery, including fasting for 6 to 8 hours.

How the test will feel

During a needle biopsy, there may be some stinging or burning if a local anesthetic is injected. Insertion of the biopsy needle may cause pressure or mild discomfort which should only last for 1 or 2 minutes. Afterward, the area may feel tender or be bruised for a few days.

Why the test is performed

This test is done to determine the cause of abnormal lumps or growths of the salivary glands and to diagnose Sjogren syndrome.

Normal Values

There is normal salivary gland tissue anatomy with no abnormal growths or inclusions.

What abnormal results mean

What the risks are

Bleeding
Infection
Injury to the facial or trigeminal nerve (rare)
Allergic reaction to the anesthetic

Review Date:2/19/2007
Reviewed By:Alden J. Pearl, M.D., Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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