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Smoking hazards
Information
Question:
What are the negative effects of smoking?
Answer:
Smokers have an increased risk of the following:
- Lung cancer
- Lung disease
- Heart attack
- Heart disease
- Hypertension
- Stroke
- Oral cancer
- Bladder cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Pregnancy complications
- Low birth weight babies
- Early menopause
- Lower estrogen level for women
- Facial wrinkles
- Sudden infant death syndrome
- Respiratory infections
- Lung cancer
- Ear infections
References
Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 22nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders, 2003.
Rakel RE. Textbook of Family Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa:Saunders, 2001.
Pinto BM, Rabin C, Farrell N. Lifestyle and coronary heart disease prevention. Prim Care. December 2005;32:947-961.
Review Date:3/1/2007
Reviewed By:David A. Kaufman, M.D., Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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