Health Encyclopedia

Nasal polyps

Definition

Nasal polyps are small, sac-like growths made up of inflamed tissue lining the nose (nasal mucosa).

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Nasal polyps start near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the inside of the nose) and grow into the open areas. Large polyps may block the airway.

Having any of the following conditions may make people more likely to get nasal polyps:

Asthma
Chronic sinus infections
Cystic fibrosis
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis)

About one in four people with cystic fibrosis have nasal polyps.

Symptoms

Mouth breathing
Nasal obstruction
Runny nose
Sound congested

Signs and tests

Examining the nose shows a grayish grape-like mass in the nasal cavity.

Treatment

Treatment may include medication, such as steroids or antibiotics. Some people may need surgery, such as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).

Expectations (prognosis)

Removing the polyps with surgery usually allows people to breathe easier through the nose.

Complications

Bleeding
Infection

Nasal polyps may come back.

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you regularly have difficulty breathing through your nose.

Prevention

Although there is no real way to prevent nasal polyps, therapy aimed at the cause can help. Nasal sprays, antihistamines, and allergy shots may help prevent polyps that block the airway.

Also, aggressive medical treatment of sinus infections is helpful.

Review Date:1/30/2008
Reviewed By:James L. Demetroulakos, M.D., F.A.C.S., Department of Otolaryngology, North Shore Medical Center, Salem, MA. Clinical Instructor in Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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