Health Encyclopedia

Factor V deficiency

Definition

Factor V deficiency is an inherited condition that affects the ability of the blood to clot.

Alternative Names

Parahemophilia; Owren's disease

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Normal blood coagulation is a complex process involving as many as 20 different proteins in blood plasma, which are known as blood coagulation factors. A series of complex chemical reactions using these factors takes place very rapidly to form a protein called fibrin, which stops bleeding.

Factor V deficiency is caused by a lack of the plasma protein Factor V. When certain coagulation factors are low or missing, the chain reaction does not take place normally. Factor V is rare, and can be caused by inheriting a defective Factor V gene or by acquiring an antibody that interferes with normal Factor V function.

You can acquire an inhibitor of Factor V:

After giving birth
After being treated with a certain type of fibrin glue
After surgery
With autoimmune diseases and certain cancers

Sometimes the cause is unknown.

The disease is similar to hemophilia, except bleeding into joints is less common. In the inherited form of Factor V deficiency, a family history of a bleeding disorder is a risk factor.

Excessive bleeding with menstrual periods and after delivery often occurs. Men and women are affected equally. About 1 person per 1 million has the disorder.

Symptoms

Bleeding into the skin
Bleeding of the gums
Excessive bruising
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Nosebleeds
Prolonged or excessive loss of blood with surgery or trauma
Umbilical stump bleeding

Signs and tests

Factor V assay showing decreased activity
Normal thrombin time
Prolonged partial thromboplastin time
Prolonged prothrombin time
Slightly prolonged bleeding time (in some people)

Treatment

You should receive fresh blood plasma or fresh frozen plasma infusions during a bleeding episode or after surgery. These treatments will correct the deficiency temporarily.

Support Groups

You can often help the stress of illness by joining a support group where members share common experiences and problems.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outlook is good with diagnosis and proper treatment.

Complications

Severe bleeding (hemorrhage) could occur.

Calling your health care provider

Go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) if you have an unexplained or prolonged loss of blood.

Prevention

This is an inherited disorder; there is no known prevention.

References

Asselta R, Tenchini ML, Duga S. Inherited defects of coagulation Factor V: the hemorrhagic side. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5:185-188.

Review Date:3/24/2008
Reviewed By:Stephen Grund, MD, PhD, Chief of Hem/One and Director of the George Bray Cancer Center at New Britain General Hospital, New Britain, CT. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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